Are products of iron and steel always in scope of CBAM?

Most CN headings 7201-7229 and 7301-7326 are in scope. A handful of finished articles (e.g. domestic cookware) are out. Check the specific 8-digit code, not the chapter heading.

What is the default direct emissions factor for steel?

EU sector default: 1.88 t CO2 per tonne of finished steel for direct emissions, plus 0.275 t CO2 indirect (electricity). Real BF-BOF mills are typically 2.0-2.4 t/t direct; EAF mills are around 0.4-0.6 t/t.

Do I have to use the EU default values?

No. Defaults are a fallback when verified supplier data is unavailable. From 2026 onward you should request actual emissions data from the producer using the EU CBAM communication template -- this is usually cheaper than using defaults, especially for low-carbon producers.

How is the cost adjusted year-on-year?

Phase-in markups apply: 10% of full certificate cost in 2026, 20% in 2027, 30% in 2028, scaling to 100% by 2034. The full calculator at /calculator applies the correct markup for your chosen year.

What about carbon prices already paid in the origin country?

Article 9 of the CBAM Regulation (EU) 2023/956 lets you deduct verifiable carbon prices paid in the country of origin. AutoCBAM Pro automates this; the free preview ignores it.

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CN 73064020

Name: CN 73064020 -- Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, welded, of circular cross-section, of stainles
Brand: AutoCBAM
SKU: 73064020

Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, welded, of circular cross-section, of stainless steel, cold-drawn or cold-rolled "cold-reduced" (excl. products having internal and external circular cross-sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm, and line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines or casing and tubing of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas)

✓ In scope of CBAM Iron and steel

CBAM cost preview

Live ETS price: €76.15/t CO₂. Sample: 1 tonne of CN 73064020 at default factors costs ~€68.27 in CBAM certificates today.

Direct emissions: 8.69 t CO₂/t
Indirect emissions: 0.275 t CO₂/t
CBAM cost (1000 t shipment): €68,268

How is this calculated?

CBAM certificate cost = embedded emissions × ETS price × (1 − free-allocation factor) × phase-in markup.

Phase-in 2026: 10% of full certificate cost. Free allocation assumed 0% in this preview.

Calculate my CBAM cost →

Default embedded emissions

When you cannot collect verified supplier data, the EU lets you use these default values for the Iron and steel sector.

Origin	Direct emissions	Indirect emissions	Total
Indonesia	8.69	—	8.69
China	7.025	—	7.025
India	6.5	—	6.5
Türkiye	5.92	—	5.92
Kazakhstan	4.86	—	4.86

t CO₂e per tonne of product. Source: EU Implementing Reg. 2025/2621 Annex IV.

How to comply for this code

Methodology guide -- iron and steel

For iron and steel CN codes, the embedded emissions are dominated by the production route (BF-BOF integrated mill vs. EAF mini-mill). The 1.88 t CO2/t default value is conservative for EAF imports and aggressive for BF-BOF imports.

Step 1: classify the production route. Ask the supplier whether the product is from a blast-furnace + basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) line or from an electric-arc furnace (EAF). EAF emissions are typically 70-80% lower than BF-BOF.

Step 2: collect verified data. Request a CBAM communication template from each supplier. The EU Implementing Regulation 2025/2621 specifies the data points: scope 1 + scope 2 emissions per tonne of finished product, allocation method, and verifier accreditation ID.

Step 3: apply Article 9 deductions. If the producer's country has an explicit carbon price (e.g. UK ETS, EU ETS by way of installations covered, or national carbon tax), document the per-tonne carbon cost paid -- this deducts directly from your CBAM certificate obligation.

Step 4: monitor quarterly. Under Reg. 2025/2083 importers must hold 50% of projected certificates by end of each quarter from 2026. Run the calculator quarterly to track exposure.

Frequently asked questions

Are products of iron and steel always in scope of CBAM?: Most CN headings 7201-7229 and 7301-7326 are in scope. A handful of finished articles (e.g. domestic cookware) are out. Check the specific 8-digit code, not the chapter heading.
What is the default direct emissions factor for steel?: EU sector default: 1.88 t CO2 per tonne of finished steel for direct emissions, plus 0.275 t CO2 indirect (electricity). Real BF-BOF mills are typically 2.0-2.4 t/t direct; EAF mills are around 0.4-0.6 t/t.
Do I have to use the EU default values?: No. Defaults are a fallback when verified supplier data is unavailable. From 2026 onward you should request actual emissions data from the producer using the EU CBAM communication template -- this is usually cheaper than using defaults, especially for low-carbon producers.
How is the cost adjusted year-on-year?: Phase-in markups apply: 10% of full certificate cost in 2026, 20% in 2027, 30% in 2028, scaling to 100% by 2034. The full calculator at /calculator applies the correct markup for your chosen year.
What about carbon prices already paid in the origin country?: Article 9 of the CBAM Regulation (EU) 2023/956 lets you deduct verifiable carbon prices paid in the country of origin. AutoCBAM Pro automates this; the free preview ignores it.

Get an emissions cost report for this product

Free PDF with sector defaults, top-3 origin countries and an ETS-linked cost forecast for CN 73064020.

Related codes

Parent heading: 7306

CN 7306 — Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles "e.g., open seam or welded, riveted or similarly closed",
CN 73061100 — Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, welded, of flat-rolled products of stai
CN 73061900 — Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, welded, of flat-rolled products of iron
CN 73062100 — Casing and tubing of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas, welded, of flat-rolled produc
CN 73062900 — Casing and tubing of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas, welded, of flat-rolled produc
CN 73063012 — Precision tubes, welded, of circular cross-section, of iron or non-alloy steel, cold-drawn
CN 73063018 — Precision tubes, welded, of circular cross-section, of iron or non-alloy steel (excl. cold
CN 73063041 — Threaded or threadable tubes "gas pipe", welded, of circular cross-section, of iron or non
CN 73063049 — Threaded or threadable tubes "gas pipe", welded, of circular cross-section, of iron or non
CN 73063072 — Other tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, welded, of circular cross-section, of iron or non-

All codes in Iron and steel →

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Reference data only — confirmed CBAM scope ultimately depends on TARIC declaration and the latest amendments to CBAM Annex I.