How does cold-rolling affect CBAM emissions?

Cold-rolling adds ~0.1-0.2 t CO2/t to the upstream hot-rolled emissions (~1.9 t/t direct for BF-BOF integrated mills). The additional emissions come from grid electricity for the cold mill rolls -- substantial but small relative to the upstream blast furnace.

Can I claim a lower CBAM bill if my cold-roller imports a low-carbon hot-rolled coil?

Yes. The supplier must allocate emissions per Reg. 2025/2621 Article 7. If they import a low-carbon EAF coil (0.5 t/t) and cold-roll it locally (+0.15 t/t), the CN 7209 product is ~0.65 t/t direct -- well below the EU default.

Are CRC (cold-rolled coil) and CRS (cold-rolled sheet) treated identically?

Yes. The CN code is the same, the sector is the same, and the emissions methodology is identical. The customs presentation form (coil vs. sheet) does not affect CBAM.

What about annealing and skin-passing?

These finishing steps (re-heating + light cold-pass) add a few percent to electricity use. Already included in the supplier's scope 2 number; do not add separately.

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CN 7209

Name: CN 7209 -- Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, cold-r
Brand: AutoCBAM
SKU: 7209

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated

✓ 受 CBAM 管控 Iron and steel

CBAM 成本预览

当前 ETS 价格：€76.15/t CO₂。示例：按默认因子计算，1 吨 CN 7209 今日约需 €34.69 的 CBAM 证书。

直接排放: 4.28 t CO₂/t
间接排放: 0.275 t CO₂/t
CBAM cost (1000 t shipment): €34,686

如何计算？

CBAM 证书成本 = 嵌入排放 × ETS 价格 × (1 − 免费配额系数) × 过渡期调整。

Phase-in 2026: 10% of full certificate cost. Free allocation assumed 0% in this preview.

计算我的 CBAM 成本 →

默认嵌入排放

若无法取得经核证的供应商数据，欧盟允许 Iron and steel 行业的进口商使用这些默认值。

来源国	直接排放	间接排放	Total
India	4.28	—	4.28
China	3.205	—	3.205
Türkiye	2.51	—	2.51
South Korea	2.144	—	2.144
Japan	2.1429	—	2.1429

每吨产品的 t CO₂e. Source: EU Implementing Reg. 2025/2621 Annex IV.

对欧盟主要出口国

Eurostat Comext 最新可用年份。展示的是欧盟外进口量（吨）。

来源国	吨 / 年	占比
South Korea	690,000	31%
Japan	540,000	24%
China	480,000	22%
India	290,000	13%
Türkiye	230,000	10%

Source: Eurostat Comext annual extra-EU trade.

该编码的合规要点

经 AutoCBAM 团队人工审核 — 最近更新 2026-04-28。

Methodology guide -- CN 7209 (cold-rolled flat steel)

Cold-rolled coil is downstream of CN 7208 -- the supplier takes a hot-rolled coil and reduces its thickness through cold rolls. This adds about 10% to total emissions but creates the higher-grade automotive, appliance and construction surfaces that dominate EU imports.

Step 1 -- understand the integrated emissions picture. A typical Korean integrated mill producing CN 7209 reports 1.9-2.1 t CO2/t direct (carrying the BF-BOF upstream) + 0.4 t CO2/t indirect (cold mill electricity). The EU 1.88 + 0.275 default is low-side for this code.

Step 2 -- ask suppliers to disaggregate scope 1 and scope 2. Cold-rolling is electricity-intensive -- the indirect emissions factor is sensitive to the local grid. A Korean mill on the KEPCO grid (~0.45 kg CO2/kWh) emits about 0.4 t CO2/t indirect; a Japanese mill on the JEPIC grid (~0.43 kg CO2/kWh) is similar. A Chinese mill in Hebei (coal-heavy, ~0.65 kg CO2/kWh) is much higher.

Step 3 -- check for downstream allocation issues. When a supplier produces both hot-rolled and cold-rolled output from the same upstream mill, mass and energy must be allocated correctly. Reg. 2025/2621 Article 7 mandates physical-allocation-by-mass for cold rolls -- challenge supplier numbers that look proportionally too low for the cold-rolled split.

Step 4 -- track quarterly exposure with the calculator. CRC import economics are competitive on per-tonne CBAM cost -- ~€0.95/tonne in 2026 -- but the tonnage compounds. A 50,000-tonne annual program is €47.5k in 2026; €475k by 2034.

Step 5 -- supplier audit cadence. Verified-data certificates expire on supplier-defined cadences. Re-verify every 12 months and at any change of production route or grid electricity contract.

常见问题

How does cold-rolling affect CBAM emissions?: Cold-rolling adds ~0.1-0.2 t CO2/t to the upstream hot-rolled emissions (~1.9 t/t direct for BF-BOF integrated mills). The additional emissions come from grid electricity for the cold mill rolls -- substantial but small relative to the upstream blast furnace.
Can I claim a lower CBAM bill if my cold-roller imports a low-carbon hot-rolled coil?: Yes. The supplier must allocate emissions per Reg. 2025/2621 Article 7. If they import a low-carbon EAF coil (0.5 t/t) and cold-roll it locally (+0.15 t/t), the CN 7209 product is ~0.65 t/t direct -- well below the EU default.
Are CRC (cold-rolled coil) and CRS (cold-rolled sheet) treated identically?: Yes. The CN code is the same, the sector is the same, and the emissions methodology is identical. The customs presentation form (coil vs. sheet) does not affect CBAM.
What about annealing and skin-passing?: These finishing steps (re-heating + light cold-pass) add a few percent to electricity use. Already included in the supplier's scope 2 number; do not add separately.

获取该产品的排放-成本报告

免费 PDF，含 CN 7209 行业默认值、前 3 大来源国与 ETS 关联成本预测。

仅供参考 — 实际 CBAM 范围以 TARIC 申报和 CBAM 附件 I 最新修订为准。