How does cold-rolling affect CBAM emissions?

Cold-rolling adds ~0.1-0.2 t CO2/t to the upstream hot-rolled emissions (~1.9 t/t direct for BF-BOF integrated mills). The additional emissions come from grid electricity for the cold mill rolls -- substantial but small relative to the upstream blast furnace.

Can I claim a lower CBAM bill if my cold-roller imports a low-carbon hot-rolled coil?

Yes. The supplier must allocate emissions per Reg. 2025/2621 Article 7. If they import a low-carbon EAF coil (0.5 t/t) and cold-roll it locally (+0.15 t/t), the CN 7209 product is ~0.65 t/t direct -- well below the EU default.

Are CRC (cold-rolled coil) and CRS (cold-rolled sheet) treated identically?

Yes. The CN code is the same, the sector is the same, and the emissions methodology is identical. The customs presentation form (coil vs. sheet) does not affect CBAM.

What about annealing and skin-passing?

These finishing steps (re-heating + light cold-pass) add a few percent to electricity use. Already included in the supplier's scope 2 number; do not add separately.

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CN 7209

Name: CN 7209 -- Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, cold-r
Brand: AutoCBAM
SKU: 7209

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated

✓ Vom CBAM erfasst Iron and steel

CBAM-Kostenvorschau

Aktueller ETS-Preis: €76.15/t CO₂. Beispiel: 1 Tonne KN 7209 kostet bei Standardfaktoren heute ~€34.69 an CBAM-Zertifikaten.

Direkte Emissionen: 4.28 t CO₂/t
Indirekte Emissionen: 0.275 t CO₂/t
CBAM cost (1000 t shipment): €34,686

Wie wird das berechnet?

CBAM-Zertifikatskosten = eingebettete Emissionen × ETS-Preis × (1 − Freizuteilungsfaktor) × Einführungs-Markup.

Phase-in 2026: 10% of full certificate cost. Free allocation assumed 0% in this preview.

CBAM-Kosten berechnen →

Standard-Emissionswerte

Wenn keine verifizierten Lieferantendaten vorliegen, dürfen Importeure für den Sektor Iron and steel diese Standardwerte verwenden.

Herkunft	Direkte Emissionen	Indirekte Emissionen	Total
India	4.28	—	4.28
China	3.205	—	3.205
Türkiye	2.51	—	2.51
South Korea	2.144	—	2.144
Japan	2.1429	—	2.1429

t CO₂e pro Tonne Produkt. Source: EU Implementing Reg. 2025/2621 Annex IV.

Wichtigste Exporteure in die EU

Eurostat Comext, letztes verfügbares Jahr. Angegeben sind die Extra-EU-Importmengen (Tonnen).

Herkunft	Tonnen / Jahr	Anteil
South Korea	690,000	31%
Japan	540,000	24%
China	480,000	22%
India	290,000	13%
Türkiye	230,000	10%

Source: Eurostat Comext annual extra-EU trade.

So setzen Sie diesen Code konform um

Vom AutoCBAM-Team geprüft — zuletzt aktualisiert 2026-04-28.

Methodology guide -- CN 7209 (cold-rolled flat steel)

Cold-rolled coil is downstream of CN 7208 -- the supplier takes a hot-rolled coil and reduces its thickness through cold rolls. This adds about 10% to total emissions but creates the higher-grade automotive, appliance and construction surfaces that dominate EU imports.

Step 1 -- understand the integrated emissions picture. A typical Korean integrated mill producing CN 7209 reports 1.9-2.1 t CO2/t direct (carrying the BF-BOF upstream) + 0.4 t CO2/t indirect (cold mill electricity). The EU 1.88 + 0.275 default is low-side for this code.

Step 2 -- ask suppliers to disaggregate scope 1 and scope 2. Cold-rolling is electricity-intensive -- the indirect emissions factor is sensitive to the local grid. A Korean mill on the KEPCO grid (~0.45 kg CO2/kWh) emits about 0.4 t CO2/t indirect; a Japanese mill on the JEPIC grid (~0.43 kg CO2/kWh) is similar. A Chinese mill in Hebei (coal-heavy, ~0.65 kg CO2/kWh) is much higher.

Step 3 -- check for downstream allocation issues. When a supplier produces both hot-rolled and cold-rolled output from the same upstream mill, mass and energy must be allocated correctly. Reg. 2025/2621 Article 7 mandates physical-allocation-by-mass for cold rolls -- challenge supplier numbers that look proportionally too low for the cold-rolled split.

Step 4 -- track quarterly exposure with the calculator. CRC import economics are competitive on per-tonne CBAM cost -- ~€0.95/tonne in 2026 -- but the tonnage compounds. A 50,000-tonne annual program is €47.5k in 2026; €475k by 2034.

Step 5 -- supplier audit cadence. Verified-data certificates expire on supplier-defined cadences. Re-verify every 12 months and at any change of production route or grid electricity contract.

Häufige Fragen

How does cold-rolling affect CBAM emissions?: Cold-rolling adds ~0.1-0.2 t CO2/t to the upstream hot-rolled emissions (~1.9 t/t direct for BF-BOF integrated mills). The additional emissions come from grid electricity for the cold mill rolls -- substantial but small relative to the upstream blast furnace.
Can I claim a lower CBAM bill if my cold-roller imports a low-carbon hot-rolled coil?: Yes. The supplier must allocate emissions per Reg. 2025/2621 Article 7. If they import a low-carbon EAF coil (0.5 t/t) and cold-roll it locally (+0.15 t/t), the CN 7209 product is ~0.65 t/t direct -- well below the EU default.
Are CRC (cold-rolled coil) and CRS (cold-rolled sheet) treated identically?: Yes. The CN code is the same, the sector is the same, and the emissions methodology is identical. The customs presentation form (coil vs. sheet) does not affect CBAM.
What about annealing and skin-passing?: These finishing steps (re-heating + light cold-pass) add a few percent to electricity use. Already included in the supplier's scope 2 number; do not add separately.

Emissions- und Kostenbericht erhalten

Kostenloses PDF mit Sektorstandardwerten, Top-3 Herkunftsländern und ETS-gekoppelter Kostenprognose für KN 7209.

Nur Referenzdaten — der endgültige CBAM-Anwendungsbereich richtet sich nach der TARIC-Anmeldung und der aktuellen Fassung von CBAM Anhang I.